How can prior knowledge aid in comprehension?

Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in comprehension as it helps establish connections with the material being learned. When individuals encounter new information, their existing knowledge acts as a framework or scaffold that enables them to integrate and make sense of the new concepts. This process is often referred to as "schema activation," where relevant experiences and information are retrieved to better understand the new content.

For example, if a student has prior knowledge about the human body and its systems, they will find it easier to comprehend new information about specific diseases or health conditions. The pre-existing understanding helps them relate the new concepts to what they already know, facilitating deeper comprehension and retention of the information.

This understanding contrasts with the idea that prior knowledge could create bias against new information, lead to misunderstandings, or be irrelevant. While it is possible for misconceptions stemming from prior knowledge to influence understanding negatively, in a constructive sense, leveraging accurate prior knowledge is essential for effective learning and comprehension. Thus, connecting new information with what one already knows enhances learning rather than hinders it.