Insulin and glucose are produced by which organ in the body?

The endocrine pancreas is the primary organ responsible for producing both insulin and glucose in the body. Specifically, clusters of cells in the pancreas known as the islets of Langerhans contain beta cells that release insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells. Additionally, during periods of fasting or low blood sugar, the pancreas can produce glucose through gluconeogenesis, a process that utilizes non-carbohydrate sources.

While the liver plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and storage, it does not produce insulin; rather, it responds to insulin. The kidneys are involved in glucose reabsorption and filtering blood, but they do not produce insulin. The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism through hormones such as thyroxine and is not involved in the production of insulin or glucose.

By understanding the specific roles of these organs, it becomes clear that the endocrine pancreas is vital for maintaining blood sugar homeostasis through its production of insulin and involvement in glucose metabolism.